How to diagnose older patients

how to diagnose exercise induced asthma?

exercise induced asthma (eia) is a transient increase in airway resistance after intensive exercise and can be measured as a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (fev1). the condition is due to increased training load and inhalation of cold and dry air. several studies have shown that eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea challenge test (evh test) is a very sensitive and specific diagnostic...

How to diagnose cervicogenic dizziness

Cervicogenic dizziness (CGD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of dizziness and associated neck pain. There are no definitive clinical or laboratory tests for CGD and therefore CGD is a diagnosis of exclusion. It can be difficult for healthcare professionals to differentiate CGD from other vestibular, medical and vascular disorders that cause dizziness, requiring a high level...

How to diagnose lumbosacral disease

How to Diagnose Aortic and Mitral Regurgitation in Older Horses: A Case-Based Approach

The identification and interpretation of equine murmurs can be improved. In older horses, the two common degenerative valvular conditions are mitral and aortic regurgitation, which occur with approximate equal frequency. Mitral regurgitation produces a systolic murmur. These are often blowing in character. If the murmur occupies all of systole the pulse wave in a peripheral artery can be palpat...

How to diagnose axial spondyloarthropathy early.

P hysicians’ perceptions of the spondyloarthropathies are changing. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the prototype of this group, has traditionally been considered a rare disease with few therapeutic options. In addition, diagnosis is difficult, sometimes delayed for decades, mainly owing to the lack of sensitivity of the traditional imaging method, radiography, to detect the hallmark of AS, sacroi...